{"id":13714,"date":"2025-10-24T14:32:36","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T12:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/themes\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T11:53:10","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T09:53:10","slug":"themes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/themes\/","title":{"rendered":"Themes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13714\" class=\"elementor elementor-13714 elementor-2639\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d0721 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63d0721\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ac6e7a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ac6e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Themes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-915acd9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"915acd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4ccb1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4ccb1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4e2ee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b4e2ee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.21.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13718\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.21.png 696w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.21-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.21-150x100.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbc0a73 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dbc0a73\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5998e8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5998e8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab11522 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab11522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Electrification<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103fef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"103fef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How can we accelerate the transition to electricity as the primary driver of decarbonization?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cd5a2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cd5a2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>The future is electric<\/strong>: Electricity is expected to account for 60\u201385% of carbon-free final energy consumption (compared with 20% in 2020).  <\/li><li><strong>Variable renewable energy sources<\/strong> (solar, wind) are the most abundant\u2014their large-scale integration raises significant questions<\/li><li><strong>Nuclear power, advanced geothermal energy, etc.,<\/strong> can play significant roles<\/li><li><strong>Networks and storage systems<\/strong> are undergoing profound changes<\/li><li><strong>The electrification of<\/strong> end-use <strong>applications<\/strong> requires major innovations<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d18f93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d18f93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac3f61 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3ac3f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See our analyses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7da102 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a7da102\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae2770 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ae2770\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ecac1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3ecac1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Electrolyser-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13719\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Electrolyser-1.png 696w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Electrolyser-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Electrolyser-1-150x100.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b226518 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b226518\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c44d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13c44d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bdc927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9bdc927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hydrogen<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd173a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd173a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What relevant roles will hydrogen and its derivatives play in the future?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b381547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b381547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Low-carbon hydrogen can help decarbonize certain <strong>&#8220;hard-to-abate&#8221; sectors that are too <\/strong>difficult or costly to electrify directly<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>heavy transportation<\/strong> (aviation, shipping), synthetic fuels (ammonia, e-methanol, e-kerosene, etc.) may be a viable option if less expensive biofuels are too limited in supply<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>industry (steel, chemicals, etc.<\/strong>), hydrogen and its derivatives can be used as raw materials to replace fossil fuels<\/li>\n<li>Hydrogen enables <strong>long-term electricity storage<\/strong> and can help integrate high proportions of variable renewable energy sources&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d54269f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d54269f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfb2c67 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cfb2c67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See our analyses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e37f29a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e37f29a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c751f0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c751f0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1348013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1348013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-1024x678.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13716\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-1024x678.png 1024w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-150x99.png 150w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-1536x1017.png 1536w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/industrie-1-2048x1356.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f47a211 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f47a211\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b74c59 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b74c59\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20dd85f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20dd85f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Industry<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699bbbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"699bbbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What low-carbon technologies and new business models are there?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891b430 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"891b430\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li> <strong> The industrial sector is at the heart of the transition<\/strong>: it is this sector that will have to produce all the clean technologies while simultaneously decarbonizing itself<\/li><li><strong>Heavy industries (metallurgy, chemicals, construction)<\/strong> are difficult to decarbonize, requiring significant technological and\/or behavioral changes<\/li><li><strong>Light industries<\/strong> require <strong>a wide range <\/strong>of <strong>technological innovations to <\/strong>transition away from fossil fuels in a cost-effective manner<\/li><li><strong>Industrial heat<\/strong> accounts for two-thirds of energy demand; decarbonizing it requires innovative electrification and storage technologies<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe3ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dcbe3ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72b0554 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"72b0554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See our analyses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-942d172 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"942d172\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-346e561 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"346e561\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9f6608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c9f6608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.06.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13720\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.06.png 672w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.06-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.06-150x100.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7326266 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7326266\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7bcecf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c7bcecf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2201472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2201472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Carbon<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfec2d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bfec2d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What roles will biomass and carbon flows play in a climate-neutral economy?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7105512 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7105512\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Industrial CO2 capture and storage<\/strong> can help decarbonize sectors that lack easier solutions<\/li><li><strong>Carbon-based molecules will still be necessary<\/strong> for certain sectors (heavy transportation, chemicals, materials, negative emissions); their carbon source must be sustainable<\/li><li><strong>Biomass is <\/strong>a convenient resource, but its environmental limitations are poorly understood and are changing rapidly as a result of climate change<\/li><li><strong>Negative-emission technologies<\/strong> could play an important role, but they are not yet fully developed and remain highly uncertain<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d1d2cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d1d2cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2110bc elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e2110bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See our analyses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbd7097 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fbd7097\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15de42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b15de42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f7be7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9f7be7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.31.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13721\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.31.png 799w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.31-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.31-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/ctobs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screen-Shot-2025-07-21-at-18.24.31-768x510.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b34a593 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b34a593\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-408b68d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"408b68d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea7bec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea7bec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Request<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-444a8e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"444a8e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How can frugality complement technological solutions?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d6ba24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d6ba24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong> Planetary boundaries (water, soil, pollution, etc.), <\/strong>most<strong> of which <\/strong>are in a critical state, provide the framework for any viable decarbonization strategy<\/li><li>Strategies for<strong> organized energy conservation<\/strong> must be coordinated with technological solutions, not pitted against them<\/li><li>Technological transitions are driving a sharp increase in demand for <strong>critical minerals; <\/strong> their availability is becoming a major challenge<\/li><li><strong>Low-tech<\/strong> and energy-efficient technologies combine demand-reduction strategies with technological shifts  <\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af4a2b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af4a2b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fefbcde elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fefbcde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/publications\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">See our analyses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5bd00a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d5bd00a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d30209 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d30209\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab3940 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2ab3940\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9eae83 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e9eae83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-question-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Do you sense some uncertainty, a lack of consensus, or a need for clarification?  <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-idea1\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Please contact us to discuss this.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-919277c elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"919277c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/join-us\/#contact\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Get in touch<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electrification How can we accelerate the transition to electricity as the primary driver of decarbonization? The future is electric: Electricity is expected to account for 60\u201385% of carbon-free final energy consumption (compared with 20% in 2020). Variable renewable energy sources (solar, wind) are the most abundant\u2014their large-scale integration raises significant questions Nuclear power, advanced geothermal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Our Decarbonization Themes | Climate Tech Observatory","_seopress_titles_desc":"Electrification, hydrogen, e-fuels, renewables, industry: Explore the major technological themes of decarbonization as analyzed by the CTO.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13714","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13714"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13723,"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13714\/revisions\/13723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ctobs.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}